Guru Arjun Dev was the first of two Guru's martyred in Sikh faith and fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus.He was the founder of the All India Pingalwara charitable society which imparts service to the poor, downtrodden, the dying, and the mentally and physically handicapped people. Bhagat Puran Singh ( ਭਗਤ ਪੁਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ )(1904–1992) was a great visionary, an accomplished environmentalist and a symbol of selfless service to humanity.He was popularly known as Sher-i-Punjab, or "Lion of Punjab". Ranjit Singh's legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harimandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship. His government and army included Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans. Ranjit Singh's reign introduced reforms, modernization, investment into infrastructure, and general prosperity. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) was the leader of the Sikh Empire which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century.The nature of his death in which he was dismembered joint by joint has become a part of the daily Sikh Ardas (prayer). He took control and steered the course of Sikh destiny at a critical stage in Sikh history. Soon after that, the Guru sent him to Amritsar to take charge of the Harmandar, which had been without a custodian since 1696. He was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh and took the vows of Sikhism when the Guru inaugurated the Khalsa in March 1699. Bhai Mani Singh (1644–1738) was an 18th-century Sikh scholar and martyr.She settled in Jinvara, where, immersed in meditation, she lived to an old age. After Guru Gobind Singh left his body at Nanded in 1708, she retired further south. She thereafter stayed on with Guru Gobind Singh as one of his bodyguards, in male attire. She led them back to Guru Gobind Singh in the battlefield at Muktsar (Khidrana) Punjab. She rallied the deserters, persuading them to meet the Guru and apologize to him. A staunch Sikh by birth and upbringing, she was distressed to hear in 1705 that some of the Sikhs of her village who had gone to Anandpur to fight for Guru Gobind Singh had deserted him under adverse conditions. She is always pictured on horseback wearing a turban with her headscarf gracefully flowing in the wind, courageously leading an army into battle. Mai Bhago (ਮਾਈ ਭਾਗੋ) is one of the most famous women in Sikh history. Mata Gujri accompanied her youngest grandsons, Baba Fateh Singh and Baba Zorawar Singh to their martyrdom at Sirhind-Fategarh, and subsequently passed as well. She gave birth to and raised the tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh. Mata Gujri (1624–1705) joined the ninth Guru in his long meditation at Baba Bakala before he assumed the guruship.Being well versed in Indian religious thought, he was able to elaborate profoundly the tenets of Sikhism. He was an able missionary and an accomplished theologian. He was a scholar, poet and the scribe of the Adi Granth. Bhai Gurdas ( ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਦਾਸ ) (1551–1637) is one of the most eminent literary personalities in the history of the Sikh religion.Baba Buddha trained the sixth Guru in martial arts as a young man to prepare him for the challenges of the guruship. He lived an exemplary life and was called on to perform the ceremony passing the guruship on to five gurus, up to Guru Hargobind. Baba Buddha (6 October 1506 – 8 September 1631) was one of the earliest disciples of Guru Nanak.She helped her husband to establish the infant Sikh community on a stronger footing, and is described as good natured, efficient, and beautiful. Her hospitality has been emulated over the centuries and has become the first cultural identity of the Sikhs. Only the best possible ingredients were used, and everyone was treated with utmost courtesy. She was the wife of Guru Angad, and established the langar system, a free kitchen where all people were served as equals. Mata Khivi ( ਮਾਤਾ ਖੀਵੀ ) (1506–1582) is the only woman mentioned in the Siri Guru Granth Sahib.He established the Udasi order who travelled far and wide to spread the Word of Nanak. After his father left Sri Chand stayed in Dera Baba Nanak and maintained Guru Nanak's temple. Sri Chand ( ਸ੍ਰੀ ਚੰਦ )(1494–1629) was the first son of Guru Nanak, raised by his sister.Bebe Nanaki was the first to realize her brother's spiritual eminence. She was the elder sister of Guru Nanak Dev, the founder and first Guru (teacher) of Sikhism. Bebe Nanaki (1464–1518) is known as the first Sikh.Bhai Mardana (1459–1534) was Guru Nanak Dev's companion on all of his Udasis (travels) and he played kirtan.9 Indian revolutionaries and freedom fighters.6 British film, drama and entertainment.1 Historical importance to Sikh religion.
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